Windows API: Tic-Tac-Toe Example

Compare this code to the MFC and .NET versions. Download the source code: WINAPITICTACTOE.zip

#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

HWND hwndMain;

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
	 static TCHAR szAppName[] = _T("TicTacToeWin");
	 MSG msg;
	 WNDCLASSEX wndclass;

	 wndclass.cbSize = sizeof (wndclass);
	 wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	 wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	 wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
	 wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
	 wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
	 wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	 wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	 wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (LTGRAY_BRUSH);
	 wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	 wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
	 wndclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

	 RegisterClassEx (&wndclass);

	 hwndMain = CreateWindowEx (0,
					szAppName,
					_T("TicTacToe -L, R, M mouse buttons"),
					WS_OVERLAPPED|WS_SYSMENU|WS_CAPTION|WS_MINIMIZEBOX,
					CW_USEDEFAULT,
					CW_USEDEFAULT,
					366,
					382,
					NULL,
					NULL,
					hInstance,
					NULL);

	 ShowWindow (hwndMain, iCmdShow);
	 UpdateWindow (hwndMain);

	while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage (&msg);
		DispatchMessage (&msg);
	}
	return msg.wParam;
}

#define EX 1
#define OH 2

const RECT m_rcSquares[9] = {
{ 16, 16,112,112},
{128, 16,224,112},
{240, 16,336,112},
{ 16,128,112,224},
{128,128,224,224},
{240,128,336,224},
{ 16,240,112,336},
{128,240,224,336},
{240,240,336,336}
};

int m_nNextChar = EX, m_nGameGrid[9];

int GetRectID(int x, int y)
{
	for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
	{
		if(x > m_rcSquares[i].left && x < m_rcSquares[i].right &&
			y > m_rcSquares[i].top && y < m_rcSquares[i].bottom)
			return i;
	}
	return -1;
}

void DrawX(HDC hdc, int nPos)
{
	HPEN pen = ::CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 16, RGB(255,0,0));
	void *oldPen = ::SelectObject(hdc, pen);

	RECT rect = m_rcSquares[nPos];
	
	rect.top += 10;
	rect.bottom -= 10;
	rect.left += 10;
	rect.right -= 10;

	::MoveToEx(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, NULL);
	::LineTo(hdc, rect.right, rect.bottom);
	::MoveToEx(hdc, rect.left, rect.bottom, NULL);
	::LineTo(hdc, rect.right, rect.top);

	::SelectObject(hdc, (HGDIOBJ)oldPen);
	::DeleteObject(pen);
}

void DrawO(HDC hdc, int nPos)
{
	HPEN pen = ::CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 16, RGB(0,0,255));
	void *oldPen = ::SelectObject(hdc, pen);
	void *oldBr = ::SelectObject(hdc, GetStockObject (NULL_BRUSH));

	RECT rect = m_rcSquares[nPos];

	rect.top += 10;
	rect.bottom -= 10;
	rect.left += 10;
	rect.right -= 10;

	::Ellipse(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom);
	::SelectObject(hdc, (HGDIOBJ)oldBr);
	::SelectObject(hdc, (HGDIOBJ)oldPen);
	::DeleteObject(pen);
}

void DrawBoard(HDC hdc)
{
	// draw the lines
	HPEN pen = ::CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 16, RGB(0,0,0));
	void *oldPen = ::SelectObject(hdc, pen);

	::MoveToEx(hdc, 120, 16, NULL);
	::LineTo(hdc, 120, 336);

	::MoveToEx(hdc, 232, 16, NULL);
	::LineTo(hdc, 232, 336);

	::MoveToEx(hdc, 16, 120, NULL);
	::LineTo(hdc, 336, 120);

	::MoveToEx(hdc, 16, 232, NULL);
	::LineTo(hdc, 336, 232);

	// draw the X's and O's
	for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
	{
		if(m_nGameGrid[i] == EX)
			DrawX(hdc, i);
		else if(m_nGameGrid[i] == OH)
			DrawO(hdc, i);
	}
	::SelectObject(hdc, (HGDIOBJ)oldPen);
	::DeleteObject(pen);
}

int IsWinner()
{
	static int nPattern[8][3] = {
		0, 1, 2, 
		3, 4, 5, 
		6, 7, 8, 
		0, 3, 6, 
		1, 4, 7, 
		2, 5, 8,
		0, 4, 8,
		2, 4, 6
	};

	for(int i = 0; i < 8 ; i++)
	{
		if((m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i][0]] == EX) && 
			(m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i][1]] == EX) && 
			(m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i][2]] == EX))
			return EX;
		if((m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i][0]] == OH) && 
			(m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i][1]] == OH) && 
			(m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i][2]] == OH))
			return OH;
	}
	return 0;
}

BOOL IsDraw()
{
	for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
	{
		if(m_nGameGrid[i] == 0)
			return FALSE;
	}
	return TRUE;
}

void ResetGame()
{
	RECT rect;

	m_nNextChar = EX;
	::ZeroMemory(m_nGameGrid, 9 * sizeof(int));
	::GetClientRect(hwndMain, &rect);
	::InvalidateRect(hwndMain, &rect, TRUE);
}

void CheckForGameOver()
{
	int nWinner;

	//if the grid contains three consecutive X's or O's, declare a winner and start a new game
	if(nWinner = IsWinner())
	{
		MessageBox(hwndMain, ((nWinner == EX) ? _T("X wins!") : _T("O wins!")),
			_T("Game Over"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION|MB_OK);
		ResetGame();
	}
	else if(IsDraw())
	{
		MessageBox(hwndMain, _T("It's a draw!"), _T("Game Over"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION|MB_OK);
		ResetGame();
	}
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT iMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	HDC hdc;
	PAINTSTRUCT ps;
	int nPos;

	switch (iMsg)
	{
	case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
		if(m_nNextChar != EX)
			return 0;
		nPos = GetRectID(LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam));
		if((nPos == -1) || (m_nGameGrid[nPos] != 0))
			return 0;
		m_nGameGrid[nPos] = EX;
		m_nNextChar = OH;
		hdc = ::GetDC(hwndMain);
		DrawX(hdc, nPos);
		CheckForGameOver();
		return 0;

	case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
		if(m_nNextChar != OH)
			return 0;
		nPos = GetRectID(LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam));
		if((nPos == -1) || (m_nGameGrid[nPos] != 0))
			return 0;
		m_nGameGrid[nPos] = OH;
		m_nNextChar = EX;
		hdc = ::GetDC(hwndMain);
		DrawO(hdc, nPos);
		CheckForGameOver();
		return 0;

	case WM_MBUTTONDOWN:
		ResetGame();
		return 0;

	case WM_PAINT:
		hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps);

		//GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect);
		SetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT);
		DrawBoard(hdc);
		
		EndPaint (hwnd, &ps);
		return 0;

	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage (0);
		return 0;
	}

	return DefWindowProc (hwnd, iMsg, wParam, lParam);
}

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